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Abstract:

The prophetess was a social reality in the Ancient Near East as well as in pre-exilic Israel and Juda. Isaiah 7,1-8,4 contains three prophecies originating in the year 734 BCE (Isaiah 7,4-7*; 7,14-16*; 8,3-4*). At least one of these (Isaiah 8,3-4*) was uttured by a female prophet. The prophetic books of the OT, on the other hand, are not the work of prophets, but of priests, scholars, and scribes, who made use of collections of prophetical sayings of the same kind as is attested in Assyria. In the case of Isaiah, the career of Isaiah as the fictitious author of a prophetical book started among oppositional circles during the reign of Manasseh, and came to an end, after various re-editions of the book, at the end of the 3rd century BCE. There is no prophetess among the canonical prophets, because politics and scholarship, at least in public, were male domains.

Ernst Axel Knauf,

ist Teilzeitprofessor für Altes Testament und Biblische Archäologie in Bern (seit 1997) und Senior Staff Field Archaeologist in der Megiddo-Expedition (seit 1999). Letzte Buchveröffentlichungen: Die Umwelt des Alten Testaments (Katholisches Bibelwerk, Stuttgart 1994); mit U. Hübner ed., Leo Mildenberg: Vestigia Leonis. Studien zur antiken Numismatik Israels, Palästinas und der östlichen Mittelmeerwelt (Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus NTOA, Universitätsverlag, Freiburg und Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1998); mit U. Hübner und R. Wenning, Nach Petra und ins Königreich der Nabatäer. Notizen von Reisegefährten. Für Manfred Lindner zum 80. Geburtstag (Philo-Verlag, Bodenheim 1998).